Anatomy and Physiology of the Voice

The anatomy and physiology of the voice are complex, and much of the clinically important information on these topics was discovered recently, beginning in the 1970s. The vocal folds are layered structures that oscillate, creating a buzzing sound. In order to do so, they require not only coordinated muscle use that brings the vocal folds together but also power to push the vocal folds apart. That power is generated by the respiratory system, including muscles of the abdomen, chest, and back. The sound created by the vocal folds (formerly called vocal cords) is shaped by the infinitely variable, interconnected resonator system above the vocal folds. The upper portion of the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nose, and other structures contribute to resonance which is responsible for each individual’s personal voice signature, as well as for audibility. The entire body contributes to voice function and dysfunction.