Pharmacological modulation of autophagy to protect cardiomyocytes according to the time windows of ischaemia/reperfusion

Background and Purpose Targeted modulation of autophagy induced by myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion has been the subject of intensive investigation, but it is debatable whether autophagy is beneficial or harmful. Hence, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological manipulation of autophagy on the survival of cardiomyocytes in different time windows of ischaemia/reperfusion.