Factores de riesgo vascular y función cognoscitiva en ancianos institucionalizados y de la comunidad

Se realizo un estudio clinico-epidemiologico descriptivo y transversal a 250 adultos mayores, 125 de la comunidad y 125 de instituciones (Hogares de Ancianos) de los municipios Centro Habana y Habana Vieja, para identificar el estado cognitivo de estos pacientes y determinar la relacion entre los factores de riesgo vascular y la funcion cognitiva. A todos se les aplico una encuesta que incluia datos de identidad, edad, sexo, procedencia y si padecian de hipertension arterial, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemias, cardiopatia isquemica y habitos toxicos como el tabaquismo. Medimos funcion cognoscitiva mediante el Minimental State Examination de Folstein, y reconocimos 3 categorias: indemnes, deteriorados y dementes, segun puntaje alcanzado. Se procesaron las variables por procedimientos estadisticos establecidos y disenados por expertos de esta disciplina y se expusieron en tablas y graficos para su mejor comprension. Se observo que el 50,0 por ciento del total estaban indemnes; el 37,1 por ciento, deteriorado y el 12,9 por ciento, demente. De los 125 de la comunidad, el 4,0 por ciento estaba demente; el 31,0 por ciento, deteriorado y el 64,8 por ciento, indemne. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes dementes se detecto entre los diabeticos e hipertensos, el 50,0 por ciento de los pacientes estudiados presentaron disfuncion cognoscitiva y el mayor porcentaje de los pacientes con deterioro cognoscitivo procedian de las instituciones (Hogares de Ancianos) A clinicoepidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 older adults, 125 from the community and 125 from institutions (homes for the aged) of the municipalities of Centro Habana and Habana Vieja, aimed at identifying the cognitive state of these patients and at determining the relation between the vascular risk factors and the cognitive function. All of them took part in a survey that included age, sex, origin and whether they suffered from arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, ischemic heart disease and toxic habits, such as smoking. The cognitive function was measured by Folstein's Minimental State Examination. 3 categories were recognized: undamaged, deteriorated and insane according to the score attained. The variables were processed by statistical procedures established and designed by experts of this discipline. Tables and graphs were shown for a better understanding. It was observed that 50.0 percent of the total were undamaged; 37.1 percent, deteriorated; and 12.9 percent, insane. Of the 125 from the community, 4.0 percent were insane; 31.0 percent, deteriorated; and 64.8 percent, undamaged. The highest percentage of insanes was observed among diabetics and hypertensives. 50.0 percent of the studied patients presented cognitive dysfunction, whereas most of the patients with cognitive deterioration were from the institutions (homes for the aged)