Rule synchronization for monodirectional tissue-like P systems with channel states

Monodirectional tissue-like P systems with channel states is a kind of computation model in the area of membrane computing, which evolves by the transfer of objects in one direction for two given regions. In this article, we consider monodirectional tissue-like P systems with channel states, wherein rules are used sequentially for each channel and in a maximally parallel manner for the system by incorporating rule synchronization. We prove that the designed monodirectional tissue-like P systems are universal when using two cells, three states, and rules with a maximal length of 1, or using two cells, two states, and rules with a maximal length of 2, or using any number of cells, two states, and rules with a maximal length of 1. The results show that rule synchronization is an effective strategy to enhance the computational power of monodirectional tissue-like P systems with channel states.