Gen-Adler: the Generalized Adler's equation for injection locking analysis in oscillators

Injection locking analysis based on classical Adler's equation is limited to LC oscillators as it is dependent on quality factor. In this paper, we present the Generalized Adler's equation applicable for injection locking analysis on oscillators independent of the circuit topology. The equation is obtained by averaging the PPV phase macromodel. The procedure is considerably simple and handy to determine the locking range for arbitrary shape small AC injection signal. Analytical equations for injection locking dynamics are formulated using the Generalized Adler's equation and validated with the PPV simulations.