[Perinatal factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A case-control study].

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to identify potential perinatal risk or protective factors associated with NEC. METODOS: Estudio de casos y controles de los recien nacidos (RN) tratados entre 2014-2015. Se evaluaron factores de riesgo materno-fetal (fiebre, corioamnionitis, cultivos rectovaginales y sufrimiento intrauterino) y neonatales (edad gestacional, canalizacion de vasos umbilicales, hemocultivos, sepsis, nutricion y probioticos) y su asociacion a la ECN. Estudiamos tambien la existencia de tratamiento antibiotico y antifungico intravenoso previo al cuadro de ECN. Se estimo la odds ratio con un nivel de significacion p < 0,05. RESULTS: We analyzed 500 newborns of which 44 developed NEC (cases) and 456 controls. Univariate analysis did not identify any maternal risk factors for NEC. We did not found statistical differences between patients either time of enteral feedings or probiotics. Nevertheless, patients with signs of fetal distress and early sepsis had a higher risk of NEC (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Infants with history of fetal distress and signs of early sepsis are at a higher risk of NEC. The use of prophylactic catheter infection or orotracheal intubation with antifungal treatment seemed to elevate the incidence of NEC. However, antibiotic treatment couldn´t be demonstrated to increase the risk of NEC.