TURKMEN CULTURE AND VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (INVESTIGATION, ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF HISTORICAL AND NEW FABRIC OF GOMISHAN CITY)

An investigation into culture and architecture of Turkmen ethnic groups residing in Iran taken in this study where Turkmen Ethnic groups Housing Characteristics indicate the impact of culture in forming vernacular architecture assigned to Turkmens. The fundamental role in social, economic and culture of Turkmen Ethnic groups is sought in analysis and comparison of historical and new fabric of Gomishan city. Assessing climate and circumstances existing in the region, a survey on the architecture and urbanization of region, evaluation of construction methods and impact of culture on historical and new fabric of Gomishan city are all taken as the aims of this study. The research method includes Descriptive - analytical and historical - interpretative type of research and the data collected using library-documentary studies and field studies so as entered into the analysis. The results obtained from findings indicate the impact of culture and traditions on historical and new fabric of Gomishan city. Customs of the people, certain ethnic groups compared to other ethnic groups, different types of buildings, security due to the aristocracy of the space, extraversion of residential spaces, specific neighboring units, the use of certain and native materials accounted as the thorough effects inspired this region. In general, the behavioral and climatic effects of new residential fabric expected less than the ones in old residential fabric. The residential spaces existing in the historical fabric of Gomishan city found with favorable compatibility rather than Regional climate. The matter of importance "Security" because of extraversion existing in residential areas is totally approved in terms of cultural characteristic. This city and its historical region include valuable architecture elements where Porch, beautiful balconies in the term (Hall or Tlar) as well as Beautiful Roofs can be conveyed here.