Rehabilitation of Individuals with Head and Neck Cancers

Head and neck cancers comprise 5.6% of all cancers in the developed world. Survival rates have improved to 60.6% at 5 years. The percentage of individuals with virally mediated (human papilloma and Epstein-Barr) tumors has risen, and fortunately these have a better prognosis than those induced by tobacco or alcohol abuse. The anatomy and histology of tumors are reviewed here, as well as the impact on impairments and prognosis. Common impairments of disfigurement, dysphagia, dysarthria, pain, and range of motion are delineated as they relate to tumor location and treatment side effects. These impairments may have major impacts on social participation and quality of life. Rehabilitation management strategies include speech pathology, physical therapy, bracing, medications, and injections.