Renal Parenchymal Disease

Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly inter-related and aggravate each other. Kidneys are involved in the development and maintenance of primary hypertension, and renal diseases represent the most common cause of secondary hypertension in children and the second most common form of secondary hypertension in adults [1]. In fact, renal parenchymal diseases account for 2–5% of all causes of hypertension, with renal vascular disease and ischemic nephropathy accounting for another 1–3%. On the other hand, increased blood pressure (BP) of any etiology can lead to renal damage, and especially when accompanied by proteinuria, it is an important factor for CKD progression. The purpose of this chapter is to review the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of hypertension in CKD and the role of hypertension in the progression of renal diseases. In addition, we shall discuss the role of CKD in special clinical situation such as resistant hypertension, dialysis, and renal transplantation.