Coordinated Optimal Voyage Planning and Energy Management of All-Electric Ship With Hybrid Energy Storage System

All-electric (AES) ship power system (SPS) generally employs energy storage (ESS) to improve operation efficiency, redundancy, and flexibility while reducing environmental impacts. Depending on the operating characteristic, ramp rate, and load variation of the SPS, single or hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) with different operating characteristics are utilized to prevent frequent cycling, high depth of discharge (DOD), and accelerated degradation. Hence, this research work focuses on the coordination of optimal voyage, and multi-objective energy management of AES with HESS to optimize the vessel route, operation cost, emission, and degradation of ESS. The optimal route planning is carried out as a dynamic programming problem based on the sea states, and augmented $\epsilon$ -constraint and reactive approach to energy management strategy are adopted to solve the energy dispatch of the AES while addressing the uncertainty present in the load forecasting. The simulation results indicate that the voyage planning with the consideration of the sea states has strong influences on the path taken and velocity of the AES which in term will influence the propulsion power requirement. It also indicates that the operating characteristic of the HESS and uncertainty present in the load forecasting should be carefully addressed to achieve a realistic operation schedule.