A once-monthly GLP-1 receptor agonist for treatment of diabetic cats

Abstract There is growing evidence that peptidic GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) such as exenatide may provide useful therapeutic options for treatment of feline diabetes. However, since such drugs are administered subcutaneously it is desirable that they be long-acting and not require frequent injections. We have developed a chemically-controlled delivery system to support half-life extension of peptidic therapeutics. Here, the peptide is covalently attached to hydrogel microspheres by a self-cleaving β-eliminative linker; after subcutaneous injection of the microspheres, the peptide is slowly released from the depot to the systemic circulation. Using this technology, we developed a delivery system that supports once-monthly administration of a stable exenatide analog, [Gln 28 ]exenatide, in rodents (Schneider, et al, ACS Chem Biol 12, 2107-2116, 2017). The purposes of the present study were a) to demonstrate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic similarities of the deamidation-sensitive GLP-1RA exenatide and the closely related, more stable [Gln 28 ]exenatide, and b) to develop a long-acting GLP-1RA in cats. The results show that exenatide and [Gln 28 ]exenatide injected intravenously or subcutaneously at 10 μg/kg have nearly identical pharmacokinetics in the cat – both having elimination half-lives of ∼40 minutes – but subcutaneously administered [Gln 28 ]exenatide has superior bioavailability – 93% for [Gln 28 ]exenatide vs 52% for exenatide. The results also show that exenatide and [Gln 28 ]exenatide have similar insulinotropic activities in the cat during a high dose IVGTT; they increased the AUC for insulin to a similar extent but had no effect on glucose AUC. Finally, subcutaneous injection of a microsphere-[Gln 28 ]exenatide conjugate containing an appropriate self-cleaving linker in the cat provides plasma [Gln 28 ]exenatide with a half-life of about 40 days vs 40 minutes with the injected free peptide. Hence, the large body of information available for exenatide can be used to facilitate clinical development of [Gln 28 ]exenatide as a treatment for feline diabetes, and the microsphere-[Gln 28 ]exenatide conjugate is quite suitable for once-monthly subcutaneous administration of the peptide in the cat.