Cathepsin D in ovarian cancer: prognostic value and correlation with p53 expression and microvessel density

Abstract Objective . Overexpression of ubiquitous lysosomal aspartyl protease cathepsin D (CD) is involved in the progression of cancer. This study investigates the prognostic value and the association of cathepsin D expression with clinicopathological parameters, p53 expression, and angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. Methods . Cathepsin D was determined immunohistochemically in 43 ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMP) and 80 invasive tumors FIGO stage I–IV. Results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics, p53, and microvessel density (MVD). Survival analysis of cathepsin D expression and MVD was performed in invasive tumors. Results . Epithelial tumor cathepsin D expression was more common in LMP tumors (65.1%) compared to invasive tumors (43.7%; P = 0.02). In LMP tumors, stromal cathepsin D was associated with mucinous tumors ( P = 0.01), whereas in invasive tumors, epithelial cathepsin D expression was associated with clear cell tumors ( P = 0.003). Invasive tumor cathepsin D had a negative relation to p53 expression. In LMP tumors, stromal cathepsin D correlated with microvessel density ( P = 0.03). Stromal cathepsin D expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with invasive cancer ( P = 0.03, Cox regression), while cathepsin D expression missed to be of prognostic value for overall survival (OS) in invasive ovarian cancer. MVD had no influence on survival in invasive ovarian cancer ( P > 0.05). Conclusion . Our study demonstrates a prognostic value of cathepsin D expression in invasive ovarian cancer, while cathepsin D expression in LMP tumors seems to be linked to angiogenesis. The relation among cathepsin D, p53 expression, and angiogenesis demonstrates biological differences between invasive ovarian cancer and LMP tumors.