Interfacing Issues in Real-Time Digital Simulators IEEE Task Force on Interfacing Techniques for Simulation Tools

This paper deals with the current state-of-the-art in interfacing issues related to real-time digital simulators em- ployed in the simulation of power systems and power-electronic systems. This paper provides an overview of technical challenges encountered and their solutions as the real-time digital simulators evolved.Hardware-in-the-loop interfacing forcontroller hardware and power apparatus hardware are also presented. Index Terms—Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), hardware-in-the-loop simulation, interface algorithms, modeling, power-electronic systems, power system simulation, real-time systems.