Orofacial Malignancies in Relatively Young Nigerians: the need for further investigations of the molecular landscape.

Background:  Occurrence of Orofacial malignancies (OFM) is a major global public health issue, being the sixth most common cancer in the world with 500,000 new incidences per year. Pattern of distribution among the younger age group needs to be explored and compared with the pattern among patients in older age groups.Materials and methods: Clinical and histologic information on subjects diagnosed as OFM over a 11-year period was retrieved.  Data collected and   analyzed with SPSS Statistics version 20 was presented as frequency tables, charts and proportions. A confidence interval of 95% was assumed and the level of significance was set at p 40 years (M: F= 2.35:1). SCC mostly showed mandible site predilection. However, there was a Maxilla site predilection among young subjects ≤ 40 years and a Mandibular site predilection among subjects > 40 years. Salivary gland carcinoma accounted for 40.2% of OFM with site and gender predilections for the palate and female respectively.  Peak age of occurrence was in the 6th and 7th decades of life and   Adenocarcinoma (AC) was the most common observed type.Sarcoma accounted for    11.8% of OFM  and  showed a mean age of occurrence   of 41 years ±16years,   peak age of occurrence  in the  5th decade of life and  male gender  predilection  (M:F = 1.2:1) . Conclusion: There is an increasing number of cases of OFM especially SCC, in Nigerians. It is plausible that unidentified factors may trigger genetic mutations that predispose to OFM development in this environment hence an urgent need for exploration of   molecular landscape that may lead to the development of new molecular markers   for qualitative management.