ФАКТОРЫ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ СПОРТИВНУЮ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИЮ ЛЫЖНИКОВ-ГОНЩИКОВ

Skiing is important for people's health promotion and training of young men to serve in the army. It is included in the Olympic program. In recent years, new disciplines were added in the competition program of cross country skiers. Sprints of skiers included in the Olympic program became very popular and entertaining. So, new approaches to qualifying and training of sprint cross-country skiers were required. Sprint differs a lot from classic races not only by its transience, but also by the heat of the contact struggle at a distance. During these competitions a skier must give his all at a distance to be qualified for the next round of the competition, and then recover quickly to participate in the next race. So specific training of sprint skiers is required, which is very different from the training of stayer skiers. High skill level of sprint skiers is characterized by good condition of functional systems of the body and learning the tactics of struggling at a distance. Skills of sprint skiers depend on many factors, including their actions during the competition. Modern competitive conditions place high demands on the skills of cross country skiers of all specializations. When performing at events, cross country skiers are subject to great physical load and psychological stress. However, the training of sprint and stayer skiers differs significantly. In this regard, the task of coaches is early orientation of cross country skiers to a particular sports specialization, which, obviously, should be systematic. Activities aimed at the scientific support of the training process and identifying the factors that determine the sports specialization of skiers are of particular importance. The purpose of the research was to conduct a sociological analysis to identify the factors that determine the sports specialization of cross country skiers.