Integración de sintéticos con líneas de maíz convertidas al carácter de alta calidad de proteína

espanolEl cultivo de maiz (Zea mays L.) en la mayoria de la tierra agricola en Mexico es de tipo tradicional o de subsistencia. En tales condiciones, las variedades sinteticas (VS) podrian jugar un papel importante. El objetivo fue integrar 11 sinteticos de maiz a partir de lineas convertidas al caracter de alta calidad de proteina (ACP) y observar el efecto sobre el rendimiento de grano en funcion del numero de lineas involucradas. A partir de un cruzamiento dialelico se desarrollaron dos grupos de sinteticos. Los compuestos se integraron con diferente numero de semillas de cada una de las cruzas posibles. El analisis de varianza combinado para rendimiento de grano revelo significancia (P EnglishCorn (Zea mays L.) growing in most of the agricultural land in Mexico is of the traditional or subsistence type. Under such conditions, synthetic varieties (SV) could play a significant role. The aim of this study was to integrate 11 synthetic corn varieties converted to the character of high quality protein (HQP) lines, and to observe the effect of the number of lines involved on grain yield. Starting from a diallel crossing, two groups of synthetics were developed. The composites were integrated with different numbers of seeds from each of the possible crosses. Combined variance analysis for grain yield revealed significant differences (P≤0.01) between varieties (V), environments (E) and interaction (V×E), in both assessed groups. In Group 1, synthetic 4C consisting of 12 lines exceded 9 and 25% the control varieties VS-536 and V-537C of normal endosperm and HQP, respectively. In Group 2, synthetics 9C and 10C with six and eight lines equaled the best control (VS536) and exceed by 27% the V-537C variety of HQP. Although the results were not consistent between groups due to the strong environmental variation, synthetics with 8 to 12 lines appears to be the best alternative. Wright empirical equation predicted an asymptotic curve for F1 and F2 towards VS-536, used as reference. The yield of the F2 synthetic increases with the number of lines to a maximum value n= 9, with a calculated yield of 5.11t·ha-1 portuguesO cultivo de milho (Zea mays L.) na maioria da terra agricola no Mexico e do tipo tradicional ou de subsistencia. Em tais condicoes, as variedades sinteticas (VS) podem desempenhar um papel importante. O objetivo foi integrar 11 sinteticos de milho a partir de linhas convertidas ao caracter de alta qualidade de proteina (AQP) e observar o efeito sobre o rendimento de grao em funcao do numero de linhas envolvidas. A partir de um cruzamento dialelico se desenvolvem dois grupos de sinteticos. Os compostos se integraram com diferente numero de sementes de cada um dos cruzamentos possiveis. A analise de variacao combinada para rendimento de grao revelou significância (P