Síntesis de los procedimientos analíticos recomendados por la evidencia en factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Cardiovascular events pose a major health problem worldwide. Smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus are considered essential cardiovascular risk factors. There is a high variability in laboratory determinations application in medical practice, including the disparity of criteria in analytical determinations to control these diseases. The aim is to summarize the available scientific evidence on the different routine analytical procedures recommended in the diagnosis and control of dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension. A bibliographic review of the existing literature about recommendations of the main scientific societies and organizations, national and international, about precise laboratory determinations for diagnosis, monitoring and control of these diseases was performed. A total of 34 documents were obtained, once scientific evidence and quality of them revised, the analysis focused on six documents. The main recommendations are: a) diabetes: baseline fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, creatinine, urinalysis, urine sediment, microalbuminuria, electrolytes; annual. b) Dyslipidemia: complete lipid profile; based on annual or LDL- cholesterol basis. If statin therapy: transaminases, creatine phosphokinase. c) Hypertension: glucose, total cholesterol, creatinine and systematic urinalysis; lipid profile, uric acid, electrolytes and microalbuminuria; annual. These recommendations are intended to assist in improving the application of analytical procedures on what scientific evidence recommends, trying to reduce variability.