ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СТРУКТУРНИХ ЗМІН ОЧНОГО ЯБЛУКА ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМУ ЦУКРОВОМУ ДІАБЕТІ 1-го ТА 2-го ТИПІВ

Introduction. Diabetic retinopathy is a dangerous complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which leads not only to the deterioration of the quality of life, but also to a signifi cant disability of the population.Goal. To conduct a comparative study of changes in the eyeball under the experimental aloxane model of diabetes mellitus types I and II.Materials and methods. White rats of the Vistar line weighing 180–200g were used in the study. According to the tasks the animals were ranked into 3 groups: 1st group – 20 animals that were not exposed to any of manipulations, served as controls; 2nd group – 30 animals, which simulated diabetes mellitus (DM) type I; 3rd group – 30 animals, which modeled diabetes mellitus type II. The experiment lasted 30 days. Animals were taken from the experiment by decapitation with a light ethereal anesthetic. Histological examination of the pancreas and eyeball structures was performed.Results. In the control group, the structure of the pancreas was not undergone pathological changes, and in the 2nd group, a signifi cant decrease in the number of endocrinocytes was detected, at the same time in the present endocrinocytes degenerative changes in the nuclei were traced. A number of endocrinocytes was found to be reduced to a lesser degree in 3rd group and there were no signs of destruction. Research of changes in the eyeball made possible to fi nd that identical structural disturbances occur in both types of diabetes mellitus. In both groups with experimental diabetes mellitus there were fi brous thickening of the vascular wall of the eyeball, edema of the endothelium, disordered placement of the endothelial cells. Also there were dystrophic changes in cells of the ganglionic layer. The presence of pigment granules in the lens in both experimental groups attracted attention.Conclusions: A one-sided tendency of damage of the eyeball structures was revealed while reproducing both proposed aloxane models of experimental diabetes mellitus.