genomic epigenomic abnormality in pediatric cancer

1. Abstract Etiologies of pediatric cancers including childhood AML/ALL and brain tumors have been substantially explored. The findings have helped us illustrate a landscape of initiation and progression of tumor genesis, diagnosis/prognosis, and targeted treatments. Owing to the versatility of Next gen sequencing, unprecedented amount of data in cancer patients have been generated in order to characterize the complexity of genetic regulatory mechanisms. Many investigators have started to address cancer-related questions using gene expression profiles, genetic variations, epigenetic profiles, and functional genetic regulatory elements at chromatin level. In this article, we systematically review how various genomic elements, such as gene fusion, mRNA and long non-coding RNA, may contribute to the development of pediatric cancers. Conclusion: Full understanding of direct/indirect causative and consequent effects of aberrant patterns detected via large-scale platforms in personalized medicine still remain elusive as pieces of puzzles. A better understanding of the role of these different genetic or genomic components may pave the way for identification of novel therapeutic targets. 2. Keywords: Epigenetics; Mutation; Pathobiology; Pediatric Cancer