CARS, TRANSIT AND LIVABLE CITIES

The end of the 20th century finds human civilization heavily based in cities, which have outgrown into metropolitan areas. Yet, most of these focal points of human activities do not operate efficiently. Some of the problems stem from inefficiency and negative impacts of urban transportation systems. No single mode of passenger transportation can satisfy the diverse needs of a metropolitan area. To achieve a balance between modes, it is necessary to implement two sets of policies: transit incentives and car disincentives. Since private car, the dominant mode of travel, is greatly under priced, particularly on the out-of-pocket basis, road pricing, tolls and other charges would represent the most appropriate and effective measure to increase efficiency of urban transportation. However, to introduce restraints, it is necessary to have an affordable, acceptable alternative transport system in place. Thus, provision of high-quality transit is a sine qua non for any major efforts to control car use in urban areas.