High-power one-, two-, and three-dimensional photonic crystal edge-emitting laser diodes for ultra-high brightness applications
2008
Direct laser diodes can typically provide only a limited single mode power, while ultrahigh-brightness is required for
many of the market-relevant applications. Thus, multistage power conversion schemes are applied, when the laser diodes
are used just as a pumping source. In this paper we review the recent advances in ultra-large output aperture edge-emitting
lasers based on the photonic band crystal (PBC) concept. The concept allows near- and far-field engineering
robust to temperature and strain gradients and growth nonuniformities. High-order modes are selectively filtered and the
effective optical confinement of the fundamental mode can be dramatically enhanced. At first, we show that robust ultra-narrow
vertical beam divergence (<5 deg. FWHM) can be achieved simultaneously with ultrahigh differential efficiency
(80-85%) and significant single mode power for several wavelengths of the key regions. A maximum single mode power
of 1.4 W is achieved for 980 nm lasers. At second we extend the PBC concept towards the 2D photonic crystal. A
significant field extension in the vertical direction allows a robust fabrication of the field-coupled lateral multistripe PBC
arrays with a total multistripe width of 0.2 mm. We also demonstrate that the concept of high-order modes filtering
works well also in the lateral direction. Finally, we address possible options for 3D managing of light towards
wavelength stabilized laser operation by processing of the multistripe arrays along their lengths. The concept opens a
way for 3D photonic crystal edge emitting lasers potentially allowing scalable single mode power increase to arbitrary
high levels.
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