Probabilidade de eventos Tromboembólicos em pacientes com COVID-19: patogênese e profilaxia

Objective: To analyze, through a narrative review, the pathophysiological mechanisms that predispose the occurrence of thrombotic and thromboembolic events in patients with Covid-19 and the need for thromboprophylaxis in these situations Bibliographic review: Covid-19 may cause post-infection sequelae, especially thrombotic events, responsible for high mortality. The exact pathogenesis of thrombosis in these patients is not fully understood, but it is known that the disease promotes an exacerbated inflammatory response, which courses with endothelitis, hypercoagulability, reduced fibrinolysis and hypoxemia. Disseminated intravascular coagulation, to which infected patients are subjected, also contributes to the onset of arterial and venous thromboembolism. Therefore, Covid-19 eventually predisposes to the emergence of other vascular disorders, such as pulmonary thromboembolism and stroke, in addition to Kawasaki disease in children. In order to prevent these events, the use of low-molecular-weight heparin in a prophylactic dose is recommended, associated with mechanical therapies, both in hospitals and primary care. Final considerations: The pathogenesis of Covid-19 is still to be elucidated. Given the severity of the disease’s thrombotic events, theories based on the existence of multiple factors that favor the development of this condition are proposed. Therefore, antithrombotic prophylaxis acts as a significant factor in preventing procoagulant phenomena.