Harvesting the anterolateral thigh flap with non-sizable perforators

Abstract Background The anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) has proven over time to be one of the best reconstructive workhorse thanks to its versatility and reliability. Without preoperative imaging, vascular anomalies such as having no sizable perforator are sometimes encountered during dissection. We propose a technique, based on a modified version of the traditional myocutaneous ALT to allow harvest of the flap based on non-sizable perforators. This technique can also enable splitting of a flap when only one sizable perforator is present. Methods A retrospective review was done of patients who received reconstruction with free ALT flap from 2013 to 2019 by the senior author HSS and included all flaps in which non-sizable perforators were harvested. Data collected for analysis included patient demographics, flap size, defect location, inset type and flap survival. Surgical Technique Despite detachment of the majority of skin paddle from the muscle, the flap is harvested with a sleeve of areolar tissue containing preferably more than one non-sizable perforators attached to a small muscular segment of the vastus lateralis containing the pedicle. Results A total of 349 ALT flaps were performed during the review period by senior author HSS, and 25 flaps were harvested with non-sizable perforator, 10 of which were to enable a split. There were no total losses and 6 partial losses; 2 were amenable to direct closure after debridement, 1 required skin graft, and 3 required a new flap for wound coverage. Incorporating more than one non-sizable perforator increases the reliability of the flap. This technique should be used with caution in patients with multiple underlying comorbidities and when a flow-through flap is required. We were able to achieve primary closure of all donor sites. Conclusions It is possible to harvest the anterolateral thigh flap without sizable perforators by conversion to a modified version of myocutaneous flap. In well selected patients, using our technique, several non-sizable perforators can reliably perfuse an ALT without the need to use an alternative donor site. This maximizes the number of harvestable ALTs and also increases the reconstructive potential by splitting previously "un-splitable" flaps.