Historia, metody i źródła badan krajobrazu kulturowego

History, methods and resources of cultural landscapes research The aim of the lecture is to give a brief review of the history of cultural landscape research compared to the research directions and paradigms that are applied in geography nowadays. The lecture discusses basic research methods and main sources of scientific information regarding cultural landscape. The main aim of this approach is to grasp the sense and effect of human activities in the natural and social realm. The natural environment is thus considered as the context for human activities. Time - spatial sequences of man’s actions in the environment are studied in the research of cultural landscape. That requires an interdisciplinary approach, as explanation of some phenomena falls out of the direct research scope of geography. This is a genetic and synthetic approach based on so called methodological pluralism. Implementation of a cultural factor in geographical research occurred along with overcoming natural determinism and the theory of evolutionism. Relations between nature and culture were one of the most essential issues of geographic considerations since 19th century. Cultural landscape, shaped by culture in the natural environment, emerges in these considerations. Such an approach presumes that the current conditions of the landscape in every place of the Earth are a result of long-lasting development. It should be kept in mind that the features of the landscape (determined by its structure, among other factors) represent an intermittent shape, which is subject to changes in subsequent historical periods. Vast majority of the regions on the world have adopted the features of cultural or traditional landscape. Cultural landscape, as separate scientific subject matter, appeared in German geography on the turn of the 20th century, within anthropogeography; then, cultural landscape research was popularized in France as so-called geographie humaine and in the United States. In Poland, cultural landscape research, as a continuation of the French thought, was carried out mainly by M. Dobrowolska and M. Janiszewski. Main research methods include: genetic, empiric and evolutional methods. Main sources of scientific information include papers varying in the time range. They include, in chronological order, archaeological, paleoclimatic and paleobotanical resources, archival cartographic resources, archival written records, ethnographic and iconographic resources, contemporary thematic maps, aerial photos and satellite images, interviews, surveys, results of field mapping, data on current terrain infrastructure.