EGFR-TKI plus bevacizumab versus EGFR-TKI monotherapy for patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer-A propensity score matching analysis

Background Recent study showed that the combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab had better disease control than erlotinib monotherapy in patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is lack of real-world evidence for this therapeutic regimen. We aimed to compare outcomes between patients with EGFR mutant NSCLC treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and bevacizumab and those treated with EGFR-TKI alone in a real-world setting. Methods Patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC who received first-line EGFR-TKI in a tertiary referral center from October 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. We performed 1:2 propensity score-matching: one EGFR-TKI and bevacizumab recipient with two patients who received EGFR-TKI alone. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The prognostic factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results Total 313 patients were enrolled. After propensity score matching, 45 patients who received first-line EGFR-TKI and bevacizumab and 89 patients who received EGFR-TKI alone were analyzed. The combination group showed improved PFS (17.0 vs. 11.0 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.48; p = 0.002) compared to the monotherapy group. In subgroup analysis of patients with an L858R mutation, the combination group showed longer PFS (23.1 vs. 10.7 months; HR = 0.40; p = 0.011) and OS (not reached vs. 40.6 months; HR = 0.27; p = 0.040) than the EGFR-TKI monotherapy group. Conclusion Our data suggest that the combination of EGFR-TKI and bevacizumab could improve PFS in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. In patients harboring L858R mutation, the combination therapy provides better OS than TKI alone.