Sequential Determination of Nickel and Copper in Waste Waters by Reversed Flow Injection Spectrophotometry

Abstract A new system using reversed flow injection analysis (rFIA) is described for the sequential determination of nickel and copper in waste waters. The insertion of two valves with different functions along the FIA manifold allows a simple, fast, and versatile photometric determination of pollutants using a single configuration. The results found by the proposed method are in good agreement as conventional methods, the sensitivity is greater than that of the normal technique, and the sampling frequency is 60 h −1 . These features made this scheme suitable for monitoring polluting species in waste waters.