Anestesia subaracnoidea en la paciente obstétrica: profilaxis y tratamiento de la hipotensión arterial.

RESUMEN La anestesia subaracnoidea es la tecnica regional mas utilizada en la paciente obstetrica cuando se le realiza cesarea segmentaria. Sin embargo, se asocia con una mayor incidencia y mas acentuadas disminuciones de la presion arterial en comparacion con otras tecnicas. Objetivo: Actualizar a traves de una revision la prevencion y tratamiento la hipotension arterial en la paciente obstetrica despues de la anestesia subaracnoidea, centrada fundamentalmente en metaanalisis, ensayos clinicos controlados, articulos de expertos y revisiones sistematicas. Conclusiones: El presente de la anestesia obstetrica apunta a un cambio en la conducta terapeutica y profilactica de la hipotension materna durante la anestesia subaracnoidea. DeCS:  COMPLICACIONES CARDIOVASCULARES DEL EMBARAZO, HIPOTENSION CONTROLADA, ANESTESIA OBSTETRICA . Palabras clave:  Anestesia subaracnoidea; Complicaciones cardiovasculares del embarazo; Hipotension controlada; Anestesia obstetrica. ABSTRACT Subarachnoid anaesthesia is the most commonly used regional technique in the obstetric patient when a segmentary Caesarean operation is carried out. However, it is associated with a greater incidence and marked decreases of arterial pressure compared to other techniques. Objective : To update through a review the prevention and treatment of hypotension in the obstetric patient after subarachnoid anaesthesia, centered fundamentally in meta-analyses, controlled clinical trials, experts' articles and systematic reviews. Conclusion: The present of obstetric anaesthesia points to a change in the therapeutic and prophylactic behavior of maternal hypotension during subarachnoid anaesthesia. MeSH:  PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR, HYPOTENSION, CONTROLLED ANESTHESIA, OBSTETRICAL . Keywords:  Subarachnoid anaesthesia; pregnancy complications, cardiovascular hypotension, controlled; Anaesthesia, obstetrical.