Long-term clinical and radiological outcomes following stand-alone PLIF surgery using expandable cylindrical threaded cages in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease

Purpose Although posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using stand-alone cages was a popular arthrodesis method, the effectiveness of using such cages has been questioned. We assessed retrospectively the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of PLIF surgery using stand-alone cages for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease, the incidences of pseudoarthrosis, and its risk factors.