First Report of Acute Bilateral Hyphema in a Theileria equi–Infected Kathiawari Horse

Abstract Theileria equi is a tickborne hemoparasite that can cause severe illness in equids. In this report, we are describing a condition of acute bilateral hyphema in a 4-month-old Kathiawari filly infected with T. equi . The horse showed clinical signs such as fever, lethargy, icterus, tachycardia, tachypnea, and bilateral hyphema. Laboratory diagnosis revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Atypical clinical manifestation of bilateral hyphema, to our knowledge, has never been reported so far in equids infected with T. equi . The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of Geimsa-stained blood smear. Specific and supportive therapy for T. equi allowed remission of clinical signs and laboratory profile abnormalities.