Lack of effect of bovine lactoferrin in respiratory syncytial virus replication and clinical disease severity in the mouse model

Abstract Background Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein present in human milk with known antimicrobial effects. In vitro , LF has demonstrated antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We sought to assess the effect of bovine (b)LF in RSV replication, lung inflammation and function, cytokine profiles and clinical disease in an in vivo murine model. Methods Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 10 7  PFU RSV A2 or 10% EMEM. bLF or placebo (DPBS) were administered once or twice daily by oral gavage or intraperitoneal (IP) injection at doses ranging from 2 to 10 mg/animal/day, from 48 h before until 96 h post-RSV inoculation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), whole lung and serum samples were harvested on day 5 post-inoculation to asses RSV loads, lung inflammation and cytokine concentrations. Weight loss, airway obstruction and disease severity were assessed daily in all groups. Results On day 5 post-inoculation BAL RSV loads, lung inflammation and serum innate, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine concentrations showed no differences between RSV infected mice treated with bLF and RSV infected but untreated mice independent of bLF dosing and administration route ( p  > 0.05). In addition, all bLF groups showed similar weight loss, degree of airway obstruction, and disease severity scores on days 1–5 post-inoculation which was comparable to infected untreated mice ( p  > 0.05) but higher than uninfected controls. Conclusions Administration of oral or IP bLF at different doses did not demonstrate antiviral activity or significant effects on disease severity in the RSV mouse model. Whether these observations could be extrapolated to infants at risk for RSV infection needs to be further explored.