Inquiry-based stress reduction: A systematic review of the empirical literature.

OBJECTIVE This paper reviewed the empirical research on inquiry-based stress reduction (IBSR; also called "The Work"), which has similarities to third-wave cognitive behavioral approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Widely used as a self-help intervention, IBSR has only recently been subjected to empirical research. METHOD We reviewed empirical studies (published and unpublished) that examined IBSR. RESULTS We found 17 empirical studies (15 independent samples) that examined IBSR. Several studies reported positive changes on variables such as stress, anxiety, and well-being. However, only three studies evaluated IBSR using randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Concerns related to treatment feasibility and cost-effectiveness of IBSR are noted. CONCLUSIONS There are some promising initial findings on IBSR. However, additional research employing high-quality research designs is necessary to explore the efficacy and effectiveness of IBSR in various contexts.