Environmental Risk Limits for Nine Trace Elements
2005
In this report, we present an update of environmental risk limits (ERLs),
based on the literature, for nine trace elements, namely, beryllium (Be),
vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn),
antimony (Sb), barium (Ba) and thallium (Tl). The updated ERLs,
established for these elements in freshwater, groundwater, soil and
sediment, are to supplement 1992 datasets for risk limit derivation. The
updated ERLs for water and groundwater have turned out to be generally
lower than existing limits as a result of both new information on
toxicity and changes in the methodology used to derive risk limits. Risk
limits derived for soil are now based on soil toxicity data for the
elements investigated, whereas the existing values for soil were all
based on ERLs for water using equilibrium partitioning (EqP). Due to
lack of data, ERLs for sediment are still based on EqP and generally show
minor changes when compared to existing limits. The maximum permissible
concentration (MPC) in rivers and lakes in the Netherlands was found to
be exceeded by average measured concentrations of Be, V, Co and Ba, but
not of Se and Sb. A qualitative comparison shows that the MPC in
groundwater is exceeded for Be, V, Co, Se and Ba concentrations but not
for Mo, Sn, Sb and Tl concentrations, although some data on deeper
groundwater are missing. No measurement data could be found for the
soil, sediment and marine water compartments
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