Whistler Waves and Electron Properties in the Inner Heliosphere: Helios Observations

We present the analysis of narrowband whistler wave signatures observed in the inner heliosphere (0.3–1 au). These signatures are bumps in the spectral density in the 10–200 Hz frequency range of the AC magnetic field as measured by the search coil magnetometer on board the Helios 1 spacecraft. We show that the majority of whistler signatures are observed in the slow solar wind ( 600 km s−1), whistler activity is significantly lower; whistler signatures start to appear for R > 0.6 au and their number increases from ~0.03% at 0.65 au to ~1% at 0.9 au. We have studied the variation of the electron core and halo anisotropy (T e⊥/T e∥), as well as the electron normalized heat flux as a function of R and of the solar wind speed. We find that, in the slow wind electron core and halo anisotropy is higher than in fast one, and also that these anisotropies increase radially in both types of winds, which is in line with the occurrence of whistler signatures. We hypothesize the existence of a feedback mechanism to explain the observed radial variations of the occurrence of whistlers in relation with the halo anisotropy.