PREVALENCIA DE ENTEROPARÁSITOS EN INDIVIDUOS DE CENTROS DE REHABILITACION A DROGAS DEL ESTADO ZULIA, VENEZUELA ::: PREVALENCE OF ENTEROPARASITES IN INDIVIDUALS OF DRUG REHABILITATION CENTERS IN ZULIA STATE–VENEZUELA

Para determinar la prevalencia de enteroparasitos en individuos adictos a drogas recluidos en dos centros de rehabilitacion del estado Zulia, se realizo un estudio transversal y descriptivo donde se recolectaron 98 muestras fecales de personas de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 65 anos. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante examen coproparasitologico directo y concentrado con formol-eter (Ritchie); asi mismo, se realizo la tecnica de coloracion de Kinyoun, para la busqueda de coccidios intestinales. Se determino la prevalencia general de enteroparasitos en 70,41%, donde el 56,52% de los individuos estaban monoparasitados y 43,48% poliparasitados. Se encontraron hasta tres asociaciones parasitarias por individuo. Con respecto a las especies parasitarias encontradas, Blastocystis spp (62,24%) fue el de mayor frecuencia en cuanto a los chromista/protozarios y dentro de los helmintos, Ancylostomideos con 6,12%, ocuparon el primer lugar de prevalencia. El mayor porcentaje de individuos parasitados se observo en el renglon de adultos-jovenes (20 a 39 anos) con 63,77%, pero sin diferencia significativa con respecto a los otros grupos etarios. Se encontro diferencias significativas ( p < 0,001) entre los parasitados segun la droga de consumo, siendo mayor la prevalencia entre los exconsumidores de cocaina. Se concluye que la situacion de drogadiccion no pareciera una variable importante que promueva o limite la adquisicion de parasitosis intestinales comunes, ya que las condiciones higienico-sanitarias siguen siendo determinantes en la adquisicion de las mismas. Palabras clave : Parasitos intestinales, adictos a drogas, Ancylostomideos , Blastocystis spp. ABSTRACT To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in drug-addicted individuals that have been detained in two rehabilitation centers in Zulia state, a cross-sectional descriptive study was accomplished in which 98 fecal samples from persons of both sexes, aged between 15 and 65 years, were collected. The samples were analyzed by direct and concentrated examination with the coproparasitological Formalin-ether (Ritchie) method; likewise, the staining technique Kinyoun was used to search for intestinal coccidia. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 70.41%; among them, 56.52% of individuals were monoparasitized and 43.48% polyparasitized. Up to three parasitic associations were found in each individual. With respect to the parasite species found, Blastocystis spp. (62.24%) was the most frequent in terms of chromist/protozoas and within helminths, Hookworms were found in 6.12% of individuals and occupied the first place in prevalence. The highest percentage of parasitized individuals was observed in young adults (20-39 years) with 63.77%, but no significant difference was observed with other age groups. Significant differences ( p < 0.001) were observed amongst individuals that were parasitized with respect to the drug consumed, with a higher prevalence among individuals that had consumed cocaine. It has been concluded that the drug situation does not seem to be an important variable that promotes or limits the acquisition of common intestinal parasites, as sanitary conditions remain to be critical in acquiring them. Key word :  Para determinar la prevalencia de enteroparasitos en individuos adictos a drogas recluidos en dos centros de rehabilitacion del estado Zulia, se realizo un estudio transversal y descriptivo donde se recolectaron 98 muestras fecales de personas de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 65 anos. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante examen coproparasitologico directo y concentrado con formol-eter (Ritchie); asi mismo, se realizo la tecnica de coloracion de Kinyoun, para la busqueda de coccidios intestinales. Se determino la prevalencia general de enteroparasitos en 70,41%, donde el 56,52% de los individuos estaban monoparasitados y 43,48% poliparasitados. Se encontraron hasta tres asociaciones parasitarias por individuo. Con respecto a las especies parasitarias encontradas, Blastocystis spp (62,24%) fue el de mayor frecuencia en cuanto a los chromista/protozarios y dentro de los helmintos, Ancylostomideos con 6,12%, ocuparon el primer lugar de prevalencia. El mayor porcentaje de individuos parasitados se observo en el renglon de adultos-jovenes (20 a 39 anos) con 63,77%, pero sin diferencia significativa con respecto a los otros grupos etarios. Se encontro diferencias significativas ( p < 0,001) entre los parasitados segun la droga de consumo, siendo mayor la prevalencia entre los exconsumidores de cocaina. Se concluye que la situacion de drogadiccion no pareciera una variable importante que promueva o limite la adquisicion de parasitosis intestinales comunes, ya que las condiciones higienico-sanitarias siguen siendo determinantes en la adquisicion de las mismas. Palabras clave : Parasitos intestinales, adictos a drogas, Ancylostomideos , Blastocystis spp. ABSTRACT To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in drug-addicted individuals that have been detained in two rehabilitation centers in Zulia state, a cross-sectional descriptive study was accomplished in which 98 fecal samples from persons of both sexes, aged between 15 and 65 years, were collected. The samples were analyzed by direct and concentrated examination with the coproparasitological Formalin-ether (Ritchie) method; likewise, the staining technique Kinyoun was used to search for intestinal coccidia. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 70.41%; among them, 56.52% of individuals were monoparasitized and 43.48% polyparasitized. Up to three parasitic associations were found in each individual. With respect to the parasite species found, Blastocystis spp. (62.24%) was the most frequent in terms of chromist/protozoas and within helminths, Hookworms were found in 6.12% of individuals and occupied the first place in prevalence. The highest percentage of parasitized individuals was observed in young adults (20-39 years) with 63.77%, but no significant difference was observed with other age groups. Significant differences ( p < 0.001) were observed amongst individuals that were parasitized with respect to the drug consumed, with a higher prevalence among individuals that had consumed cocaine. It has been concluded that the drug situation does not seem to be an important variable that promotes or limits the acquisition of common intestinal parasites, as sanitary conditions remain to be critical in acquiring them. Key word : Intestinal parasites, drug addicts, Hookworms, Blastocystis spp.