Sphenocentrum jollyanum root and leaf extracts enhanced wound closure by improving the glycemic state of diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet/streptozotocin

Hyperglycemia is a unique characteristic that initiates the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and causes the delay observed in healing of diabetic wound. Sphenocentrum jollyanum, a flowering part of the Menispermaceae family, plays important roles in ethno-medicine and is reputed in folklore as an antihyperglycemic agent and in chronic wound dressing. This study evaluates the effect of Sphenocentrum jollyanum root and leaf extracts on glycemic state and wound closure in a type 2 diabetic rat induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). The experimental animals were fed high fat diet for 14 days, and low dose (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) was afterwards administered intraperitoneally. The blood glucose of the animals were measured after 72 h of STZ administration and wound subsequently created. The rats were given S. jollyanum extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) through oral gavage and also administered topically on the wound area for two weeks. An increased level of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and lipids, as well as activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase observed in diabetic rats was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) after treatment with S. jollyanum extracts. Furthermore, wound contraction rate was faster with administration of the root extract in comparison to the diabetic control. Maintaining a steady glycemic state is essential in diabetic wound repair, and the findings from this research suggest that S. jollyanum may represent a source of phytochemicals for the treatment of diabetic wound.