Photovoltaics, Including New Technologies (Thin Film) and a Discussion on Module Efficiency

Abstract This chapter provides basic information about the current state of photovoltaics (PVs). It deals with the energy of sunlight falling on the surface of the Earth, with the interaction with materials and with the possibility of direct conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy. In brief, the principle of PV cells and modules is explained. Furthermore, the most important technologies of production of both crystalline silicon and thin-film modules and modules are discussed. The chapter also deals with the problems of PV systems, both autonomous and systems connected to the grid. It deals with basic types of inverters and BOS components and energy storage. Finally, the price of electricity produced by current PV systems is discussed and compared with the price of energy produced by other types of sources.