Nanotechnology and its application: a review

Abstract Integration of functionalized nanoscale materials in various biomedical applications has introduced marked research interest in recent years. Nanotechnology operations in functionalized and altered biomedical is potent for use in drug delivery, bioimaging, diagnosis and treatment, genetic material sequencing, biosensors, active packaging, agriculture, and environment. Incorporation of nanostructures with functionalized biomaterial is a promising technology in biomedical application for the development of biosensor and drug delivery for point-of-care (P-O-C). The capsulation of a bioactive chip with biomaterial is an emerging technology for the development of miniaturized P-O-C technique in bioelectronic/biosensor industry. The use of nanoencapsules for the delivery of biofertilizers and nutrient to the plants and use of biosensors help in the controlled release of agrochemical to plant. Nanoparticles, nanoencapsule, nanotubes, nanospheres, and nanochip have a wide application in medical fields, water treatment, agriculture, health, and environmental safety. The harmful organic compound and pollutant from industries can be degradation using nanoparticles as photocatalyst and converted in harmless form. The capability and benefits of nanotechnology in medical technology, biosensors, cancer treatment, bioimaging, drug delivery, precision farming, water treatment, and environmental cleaning are discussed in this review chapter. The nanotechnology is a coming revolutionary technology and has the potential to solve various problems with advantages over conventional methods. In this chapter, the application of modern nanotechnology to the various biological systems are discussed.