Evaluation of DEPMPO as a spin trapping agent in biological systems

Cellular toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and the in vitro and in vivo stability of the SO3•− spin adduct of the spin trap, 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-n-oxide (DEPMPO), was investigated, and the results were compared with those of the widely used spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Similar to DMPO, DEPMPO was quickly taken up (< 15 min) after intraperitoneal injection, and distributed evenly in the liver, heart, and blood of the mice. In the presence of ascorbate the in vitro stability of the adduct DEPMPO/SO3•− was 7 times better than DMPO/SO3•−. Under in vivo conditions, the spin adduct DEPMPO/SO3•− was 2–4 times more stable than DMPO/SO3•−, depending on the route of administration of the adducts. Using a low frequency EPR spectrometer, we were able to observe the spin trapped SO3•− radical both with DMPO and DEPMPO directly in the intact mouse. DEPMPO had a detectable spin adduct signal at a concentration as low as 1 mM, as compared to 5 mM for DMPO. We conclude that DEPMPO is potentially a good candidate for trapping radicals in functioning biological systems, and represents an improvement over the commonly used trap DMPO.