Rhizosphere Manipulations for Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion

A plant keeps a mesmerizing diversity of microbes inside and outside of its root surface, known as rhizosphere microbiome. This plant-associated microbial community is among the most complex communities found on earth. It is also termed as the second genome of plant. Plants modulate their microbiome by various mechanisms like modifying their structures and releasing the secondary metabolites in order to maximize their fitness. Manipulating the rhizosphere microbiome is an artificial method but eco-friendly. In this review, we have focused on the great role of beneficial microorganisms and their interactions with plants. The role of rhizobacteria on promoting plant growth and the effect of their inoculation over resident bacteria have been discussed with few examples. We have highlighted the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors over rhizosphere microbiome shape alteration. Finally, the process and significance of synthetic or artificial microbial community construction for sustainable development of plant and some of the techniques developed for harnessing the plant and the beneficial microbes with some example have been discussed.