Oxidation mechanism of an Fe–9Cr–1Mo steel by liquid Pb–Bi eutectic alloy at 470 °C (Part II)

Abstract This paper is the second part of a global study on the oxidation process of an Fe–9Cr–1Mo martensitic steel (T91) in static liquid Pb–Bi. It focuses on the growth mechanism of a duplex oxide scale. The oxide layer has a duplex structure composed of an internal Fe–Cr spinel layer and an external magnetite layer. The magnetite layer grows by iron diffusion until Pb–Bi/oxide interface whereas the Fe–Cr spinel layer grows, at the metal/oxide interface, inside the space kept “available” by the iron vacancies accumulation due to iron outwards diffusion for magnetite formation. This growth mechanism is close to the “available space model”. However, this model is completed by an auto-regulation process based on oxygen supply.