Pneumoperitoneum and pneumoretroperitoneum without perforation

: Asymptomatic radiologically recognised pneumoperitoneum still remains a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, because free intraperitoneal air is not necessarily caused by alimentary tract perforation. We present two cases of nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum (caused by pneumomediastinum and pneumatosis intestinalis cystoides) and their typical radiologic findings. Other causes of pneumoperitoneum that do not necessitate laparotomy so as cited in the radiologic and surgical literature are discussed.