Comparative Characteristics of Psychophysiological Indicators in the Representatives of Cyclic and Game Sports

IntroductionSport activity makes the most diverse demands on the speed of human thought processes. This is true for working in conditions of time deficit against the background of constantly changing situations. Such work causes the highest neuropsychic tension. This is also true for prolonged monotonous work, which significantly reduces the tone of the nervous system.The speed of thought processes has various manifestations. Jensen (2006), Kuang (2017) Korobeynikov, Korobeynikova (2003, Korobeynikov, Mazmanian, Korobeynikova, Jagiello (2010) Believe that this is one of the psycho-physiological parameters. Psychophysiology (from the greek ynXn, psykhe, «breath, life, soul», enore, physis, «nature, origin» and -Xoyia, -logia) is a branch of psychology that deals with the physiological bases of psychological processes. Although psychophysiology was a broad field of research in the 1960s and 1970s, it has now become quite specialized and branched into such narrow specializations as social psychophysiology, cardiovascular psychophysiology, cognitive psychophysiology, and cognitive neuroscience. As noted Cacioppo, Tassinary, Berntson (2007), psychophysiology is closely related to the area of neuroscience which primarily relates to the relationship between psychological events and brain responses. Psychophysiology is also associated with a medical discipline known as psychosomatics (Glynn, Christenfeld, Gerin, 2002; Hussein, Hussain, AlZoubi, Calvo, DMello, 2011; Stemmler, Wacker, 2010).Recently, psychophysiology has been at the junction of psychological and medical science, and its popularity and importance have expanded in proportion to the realization of the relationship between mind and body (Gross, Canteras, 2012; Bos, Dijksterhuis & Van Baaren, 2012; Fabiani, 2012). Within the framework of psychophysiology, certain areas are identified that are associated with the development of particularly important problems, among which psychophysiology is sensory - the psychophysiology of sense organs, sensations and perceptions; psychophysiology of the organization of movements; psychophysiology of activity; psychophysiology of arbitrary actions; psychophysiology of attention, memory and learning; psychophysiology of speech and thinking; psychophysiology of motivation and emotions; psychophysiology of sleep, psychophysiology of stress; psychophysiology of functional states and others (Greenland, Xenias & Maio, 2012; Kakarot, Mueller & Bassarak, 2012; Kircanski, Morazavi, Castriotta, Baker, Mystkowski, Yi & Craske,2012).One of the methods of psychophysiology is, by definition Lipps, Galecki, Ashton-Miller (2011), Ravenzwaaij, Brown (2011), "mental chronometry." Mental chronometry is the use of response time in perception-movement problems to determine the content, duration and temporal sequence of cognitive operations. Mental chronometry is one of the main paradigms of experimental and cognitive psychology and has found application in various disciplines, including cognitive psychophysiology, cognitive neuroscience and behavioral neuroscience, in order to identify the mechanisms underlying cognitive processing.Mental chronometry is studied using measurement of the reaction time, which is the elapsed time between the presentation of the sensory stimulus and the subsequent behavioral response. The reaction time is limited not only by the signal transmission rate in the white matter, but also by the properties of synaptic and neuronal processing in cortical gray matter (Parker, Lamichhane, Caetano Narayanan, 2013).The response time is the sum of the reaction time and the time of motion. Usually, the research focuses on the reaction time. There are several methods of measurement: the time of a simple reaction, the time of a complex reaction, the reaction time to a moving object, and others (Korobeynikov, Korobeynikova, 2003; Korobeynikov, Mazmanian, Korobeynikova, Jagiello, 2010).Of particular importance is the definition of reaction time in sports activities. …