Mitral Endocarditis Caused by Achromobacter Xylosoxidans in an Older Patient: Case Report and Literature Review

SummaryWe report a rare case of Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia recurrence in non-immunecompromised old woman in 2014 and 2020. During the last bacteremia, a diagnosis of mitral endocarditis was made. The patient could not have surgery because of severe comorbidities and a high operative risk. Combined antibiotic therapy was given with piperacillin/tazobactam and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Antibiotic therapy was administered for six weeks with a good response. The patient relapsed with A. xylosoxidans bacteremia and cardiac decompensation. Antibiotic therapy was resumed, using meropenem and TMP/SMX, but the patient died one month after the recurrence. We review the 21 cases of Achromobacter xylosoxidans endocarditis that have been described in the literature.