Non–Catheter-related Venous Thromboembolism in Children: Imaging Review from Head to Toe

Central venous catheters are the most common cause of venous thromboembolism in children; the authors review other important causes, which include infection and inflammation, malignancy, hypercoagulability, dehydration, and specific sites of venous narrowing; imaging appearance is important for early detection and initiation of treatment to avert complications, including death.