Levels of eicosapentaenoic acid in obese schoolchildren with and without insulin resistance

Background: Obesity in children is now an increasing health risk worldwide in which the insulin-resistance can be present. Studies have linked a diet rich in n-3 fatty acids with a lower prevalence of insulin-resistance. Objective: To compare the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid among obese children with and without insulin-resistance. Materials and Methods: In 56 randomly school-age children with obesity, insulin-resistance was determined by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin-resistance index and the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid were determined by gas chromatography. Insulin-resistance was established when the index was >6.0, non- insulin-resistance when that index was <1.4 and as an intermediate group when the index was within the range of 1.4-5.9. The serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, as needed. Results: No differences in age or sex were identified among the groups studied. The anthropometric parameters were significantly higher in the group of children with insulin-resistance than in the other two groups. The children with insulin- resistance had significantly lower levels of eicosapentaenoic acid than the non- insulin-resistance group [12.4% area under the curve vs. 37.4%, p = 0.031], respectively. Conclusion: Obese primary school-aged children with insulin-resistance had lower plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid. (Nutr Hosp. 2015;31:1102-1108) DOI:10.3305/nh.2015.31.3.8047