Membranes as pretreatment to desalination in wastewater reuse

Abstract This article looks at the benefits of wastewater reuse for industrial and municipal applications. It demonstrates how continuous microfiltration pretreatment to reverse osmosis can reduce capital and operating costs of reverse osmosis systems, improve their efficiency and enable reliable operation on a wider variety of water sources. This information is supported by operational data from a number of continuous microfiltration/reverse osmosis installations worldwide on difficult-to-treat feed waters.