Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common prenatally diagnosed congenital abnormality. At birth the abdomen may appear scaphoid. Respiratory distress is present. After stabilization, diagnosis is confirmed through identification of abdominal contents (liver, bowel, stomach) above the hemidiaphragm. Respiratory failure may progress requiring treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Treatment is focused on improving pulmonary hypertension and avoiding further lung injury. Laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, or open approach can be used for repair with equal effectiveness.