Peripheral Chemoreceptors and Their Sensory Neurons in Chronic States of Hypo- and Hyperoxygenation

The sections in this article are: 1 Overview: Peripheral Chemoreceptors and Sensory Neurons 2 Oxygen Continuum and Optimum 3 pHo-pHi Relationship and CO2-H+ Stimulus Interaction with Hypoxia: Role of Carbonic Anhydrase 3.1 CO2–H+ and Interaction with Hypoxia 3.2 Catecholamine Release and Chemosensory Nerve Discharge 4 Oxygen Delivery 4.1 Po2 vs. O2 Content 4.2 Arterial Perfusion Pressure 4.3 Carotid Body Blood Volume and Flow 5 Integrated Carotid Body and Glomus Cell 6 Oxygen and Chemoreceptive Pigments 6.1 Carbon Monoxide/Oxygen 6.2 Nitric Oxide/Oxygen 7 Chronic Hypoxia Vs. Hyperoxia 7.1 Structure 7.2 Neurotransmitters and Gene Expression 7.3 Chemosensory Nerve Function 8 Chronic Cell Depolarization 9 Efferent Control 9.1 Petrosal and Nodose Ganglia 9.2 Sympathetic Ganglia 9.3 Cyclic GMP, Vascular Smooth Muscle, Glomus Cells, Petrosal Ganglion Processes, and Innervation of Carotid Body Elements 9.4 Cobalt, Other Transition Metals, and Ca2+ 10 Lifelong Hypoxia and Developmental Aspects 11 Peripheral Chemoreceptors in Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Diseases 11.1 Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Diseases 11.2 Diseases of the Glomoids 11.3 Baroreceptor vs. Peripheral Chemoreceptors 12 Perspectives