Immunogenicity, Immunologic Memory, and Safety Following Measles Revaccination in HIV-Infected Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

(See the editorial commentary by Maldonado, on pages 466–8.) Early in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, it was recognized that measles can cause severe disease in HIV-infected children [1–3]. Prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-infected children had reduced response rates, lower antibody titers, and more rapid antibody decline following measles vaccination; lack of recall responses; and vaccine failures [3–17]. Endemic measles and measles outbreaks pose a risk to HIV-infected children, and the HIV epidemic may complicate efforts for global measles control [18, 19]. Therefore, it is important to assess vaccine-induced immunity against measles in HIV-infected children in the context of HAART [20]. P1024 was a multicenter study of the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group (IMPAACT) designed to evaluate immunogenicity of vaccines in HIV-infected children on HAART. P1061s was a substudy that evaluated immunologic memory following vaccination in P1024. This report focuses on immunogenicity, safety, and immunologic memory associated with measles vaccination.