Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: how many vs. how much

The diagnosis of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is usually made by echocardiography. However, complete anatomical delineation is often difficult. In addition, there has been controversy regarding which patients require surgical intervention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide comprehensive information on precise anatomy, systemic-to-pulmonary shunt (Qp:Qs) and ventricular volumes of patients with PAPVC.